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γδ T cells in liver diseases

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 262-268 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0584-x

摘要:

γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the thymus prior to their migration to peripheral tissues. γδ T cells are enriched in the liver and exhibit liver-specific features. Accumulating evidence reveals that γδ T cells play important roles in liver infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and liver cancer and regeneration. In this study, we review the properties of hepatic γδ T cells and summarize the roles of γδ T cells in liver diseases. We believe that determining the properties and functions of γδ T cells in liver diseases enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and is useful for the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic regimens for liver diseases.

关键词: γδT cells     liver infection     non-alcoholic fatty liver disease     autoimmune hepatitis     liver fibrosis and cirrhosis     liver cancer     liver regeneration    

NKT cells in liver diseases

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 249-261 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0622-3

摘要:

Natural killer T cells are innate-like and tissue-resident lymphocytes, which recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in the liver. Natural killer T cells play important roles in infections, tumors, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. In this study, we summarize recent findings on biology of natural killer T cells and their roles in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, autoimmune liver diseases, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Controversial results from previous studies are discussed, and indicate the dynamic alteration in the role of natural killer T cells during the progression of liver diseases, which might be caused by changes in natural killer T subsets, factors skewing cytokine responses, and intercellular crosstalk between natural killer T cells and CD1d-expressing cells or bystander cells.

关键词: natural killer T cells     hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection     autoimmune liver diseases     alcoholic liver disease     nonalcoholic fatty liver disease     hepatocellular carcinoma    

Partial liver transplantation

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《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0105-7

摘要:

Partial liver transplantation, including reduced-size liver transplantation, split liver transplantation, and living donor liver transplantation, has been developed with several innovative techniques because of donor shortage. Reduced-size liver transplantation is based on Couinaud’s anatomical classification, benefiting children and small adult recipients but failing to relieve the overall donor shortage. Split liver transplantation provides chances to two or even more recipients when only one liver graft is available. The splitting technique must follow stricter anatomical and physiological criteria either ex situ or in situto ensure long-term quality. The first and most important issue involving living donor liver transplantation is donor safety. Before surgery, a series of donor evaluations—including anatomical, liver volume, and liver function evaluations—is indispensable, followed by ethnic agreement. At different recipient conditions, auxiliary liver transplantation and auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation, which employ piggyback techniques, are good alternatives. Partial liver transplantation enriches the practice and knowledge of the transplant society.

关键词: partial liver transplantation     reduced-size liver transplantation     split liver transplantation     living donor liver transplantation    

INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 447-459 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021399

摘要:

Crop rotations are widely used because they can significantly reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. The interactions between non-host roots and pathogens may be key in the inhibition of soilborne pathogens in crop rotations. Interactions between fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) roots/root exudates and Phytophthora nicotianae were investigated because of the known allelopathy between fennel and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The effects of the key compounds in the fennel rhizosphere on the mycelial growth and zoospore behavior of P. nicotianae were assessed. The roots of fennel attracted P. nicotianae zoospores and inhibited their motility and the germination of cystospores, with some cystospores rupturing. 4-ethylacetophenone, vanillin and N-formylpiperidine were consistently identified in the fennel rhizosphere and were found to interfere with the infection of P. nicotianae, especially vanillin. Hyphae treated with these compounds produced more abnormal branches and accumulated reactive oxygen species. These interspecific interactions between non-host roots and pathogens were found to be an important factor in the inhibition by fennel of infection by P. nicotianae.

 

关键词: fennel and tobacco rotation     infection behavior     Phytophthora nicotianae     reactive oxygen species     vanillin    

Natural killer cells in liver diseases

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《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 269-279 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0621-4

摘要:

The liver has been characterized as a frontline lymphoid organ with complex immunological features such as liver immunity and liver tolerance. Liver tolerance plays an important role in liver diseases including acute inflammation, chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and tumors. The liver contains a large proportion of natural killer (NK) cells, which exhibit heterogeneity in phenotypic and functional characteristics. NK cell activation, well known for its role in the immune surveillance against tumor and pathogen-infected cells, depends on the balance between numerous activating and inhibitory signals. In addition to the innate direct “killer” functions, NK cell activity contributes to regulate innate and adaptive immunity (helper or regulator). Under the setting of liver diseases, NK cells are of great importance for stimulating or inhibiting immune responses, leading to either immune activation or immune tolerance. Here, we focus on the relationship between NK cell biology, such as their phenotypic features and functional diversity, and liver diseases.

关键词: natural killer cell     phenotype     immune activation     immune tolerance     liver diseases    

Clinical significance of human papilloma virus infection in the cervical lesions

Shuang LI, Yu-Han MENG, Hu TING, Jian SHEN, Ding MA

《医学前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 264-270 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0094-6

摘要: Cervical lesions have been regarded as the common and frequently occurring diseases in China. Recently, the morbidity and youth tendency of cervical cancer have gradually increased. Cervical cancer, related with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, has been one of the severest diseases threatening health and life of women, and is an infectious disease. The universality of HPV infection in the reproductive tract should not be ignored. The well-known risk factors of HPV infection in cervical lesions consist of high-risk sexual behaviors, immunosuppression, age, contraceptive methods, the concurrent infection of other sexually transmitted diseases, etc. The variation of cervical lesions induced by HPV infection is involved in the continuous pathological process, including the subclinical, latent, and persistent infection of high risk (HR)-HPV, chronic cervicitis with abnormal results of cytological examination, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and cervical cancer. The outcome of patients with HPV infection is influenced by many factors, such as HPV subtype dominance, persistent HPV infection, HPV loading dose, and multiple HPV infection. Controlling HR-HPV persistent infection should be an important strategy for reducing cervical lesions.

关键词: cervical lesion     high risk-human papilloma virus     persistent infection     loading dose     cervical intraepithelial neoplasia     cervical cancer    

The “Traditional Chinese medicine regulating liver regeneration” treatment plan for reducing mortalityof patients with hepatitis B-related liver failure based on real-world clinical data

Ling Dai, Xiang Gao, Zhihua Ye, Hanmin Li, Xin Yao, Dingbo Lu, Na Wu

《医学前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 495-505 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0790-9

摘要: On the basis of real-world clinical data, the study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of the treatment plan of “traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) regulating liver regeneration.” A total of 457 patients with HBV-related liver failure were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into three groups: the modern medicine control group (MMC group), patients treated with routine medical treatment; the control group combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine (CTW), patients treated with routine medical treatment plus the common TCM formula; and the treatment group of “TCM regulating liver regeneration” (RLR), patients treated with both routine medical treatment and the special TCM formula of RLR. After 8 weeks of treatment, the mortality of patients in the RLR group (12.31%) was significantly lower than those in the MMC (50%) and CTW (29.11%) groups. Total bilirubin level significantly decreased and albumin increased in the RLR group when compared with the MMC and CTW groups ( <0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in the expression of several cytokines related to liver regeneration in the RLR group compared with the MMC group. RLR treatment can decrease jaundice, improve liver function, and significantly reduce the mortality in patients with HBV-related liver failure. The mechanism may be related to the role of RLR treatment in influencing cytokines related to liver regeneration.

关键词: hepatitis B virus-related liver failure     traditional Chinese medicine     liver regeneration     liver regeneration microenvironment     cytokines    

Assessment of liver volume variation to evaluate liver function

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 421-427 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0223-5

摘要:

In order to assess the value of liver volumetry in cirrhosis and acute liver failure (ALF) patients, we explored the correlation between hepatic volume and severity of the hepatic diseases. The clinical data of 48 cirrhosis patients with 60 normal controls and 39 ALF patients were collected. Computed tomography-derived liver volume (CTLV) and body surface area (BSA) of normal controls were calculated to get a regression formula for standard liver volume (SLV) and BSA. Then CTLV and SLV of all patients were calculated and grouped by Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification for cirrhosis patients and assigned according to prognosis of ALF patients for further comparison. It turned out that the mean liver volume of the control group was 1 058±337 cm3. SLV was correlated with BSA according to the regression formula. The hepatic volume of cirrhosis patients in Child A, B level was not reduced, but in Child C level it was significantly reduced with the lowest liver volume index (CTLV/SLV). Likewise, in the death group of ALF patients, the volume index was significantly lower than that of the survival group. Based on volumetric study, we proposed an ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis to predict the prognosis of ALF patients that CTLV/SLV<83.9% indicates a poor prognosis. In conclusion, the CTLV/SLV ratio, which reflects liver volume variations, correlates well with the liver function and progression of cirrhosis and ALF. It is also a very useful marker for predicting the prognosis of ALF.

关键词: liver volume variation     cirrhosis     acute liver failure (ALF)    

A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Xuekun GUO,Wenhai FENG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第2期   页码 114-120 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014022

摘要: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a single-stranded RNA virus, mainly infects cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Recently, host microRNAs were shown to be capable of modulating PRRSV infection and replication by multiple ways such as targeting viral genomic RNA, targeting viral receptor and inducing antiviral response. MicroRNAs are small RNAs and have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. In this review, we discuss the identified functions of host microRNAs in relation to PRRSV infection and propose that cellular microRNAs may have a substantial effect on cell or tissue tropism of PRRSV.

关键词: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)     microRNA     antiviral     viral tropism    

Gut microbial balance and liver transplantation: alteration, management, and prediction

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 123-129 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0563-2

摘要:

Liver transplantation is a conventional treatment for terminal stage liver diseases. However, several complications still hinder the survival rate. Intestinal barrier destruction is widely observed among patients receiving liver transplant and suffering from ischemia–reperfusion or rejection injuries because of the relationship between the intestine and the liver, both in anatomy and function. Importantly, the resulting alteration of gut microbiota aggravates graft dysfunctions during the process. This article reviews the research progress for gut microbial alterations and liver transplantation. Especially, this work also evaluates research on the management of gut microbial alteration and the prediction of possible injuries utilizing microbial alteration during liver transplantation. In addition, we propose possible directions for research on gut microbial alteration during liver transplantation and offer a hypothesis on the utilization of microbial alteration in liver transplantation. The aim is not only to predict perioperative injuries but also to function as a method of treatment or even inhibit the rejection of liver transplantation.

关键词: gut microbial balance     liver transplantation     ischemia–reperfusion     acute rejection    

Molecular mechanisms of fatty liver in obesity

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 275-287 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0410-2

摘要:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis to advanced pathologies, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. NAFLD significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in developed societies. Insulin resistance associated with central obesity is the major cause of hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipid droplets in the liver. Accumulating evidence supports that dysregulation of adipose lipolysis and liver de novo lipogenesis (DNL) plays a key role in driving hepatic steatosis. In this work, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms responsible for enhanced adipose lipolysis and increased hepatic DNL that lead to hepatic lipid accumulation in the context of obesity. Delineation of these mechanisms holds promise for developing novel avenues against NAFLD.

关键词: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease     insulin resistance     obesity    

Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure

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《医学前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 1-17 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0439-x

摘要:

Liver failure (LF) is defined as severe dysfunction in hepatic synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism induced by various etiologies. Clinical presentation of LF typically includes severe jaundice, coagulation disorder, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. LF can be classified into acute LF, acute-on-chronic LF (ACLF), and chronic LF. ACLF has been demonstrated as a distinct syndrome with unique clinical presentation and outcomes. The severity, curability, and reversibility of ACLF have attracted considerable attention. Remarkable developments in ACLF-related conception, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and therapy have been achieved. However, this disease, especially its diagnostic criteria, remains controversial. In this paper, we systemically reviewed the current understanding of ACLF from its definition, etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical presentation to management by thoroughly comparing important findings between east and west countries, as well as those from other regions. We also discussed the controversies, challenges, and needs for future studies to promote the standardization and optimization of the diagnosis and treatment for ACLF.

关键词: liver failure     chronic liver failure     acute-on-chronic liver failure     diagnosis     prognosis     treatment    

Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

《医学前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

Pyogenic liver abscess as initial presentation in locally advanced right colon cancer invading the liver

Kai Qu, Chang Liu, Aasef M A Mansoor, Bo Wang, Jincai Chen, Liang Yu, Yi Lv

《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 434-437 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0157-3

摘要: Locally advanced colorectal cancer complicated with adjacent organic invasion may remain confined to the local area with minimal metastasis. In the present paper, we report on a patient with advanced right colon cancer, including liver, gallbladder, and duodenal invasion behind the scene of liver abscess. resection was performed on the patient, with right-hemicolectomy, cholecystectomy, partial duodental resection, and hepatectomy. Postoperative management was administered, including nutritional support in the early postoperative period, effective anti-infection treatment, and adjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX4). The patient survived for 16 months after the operation. Common clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer were digestive symptoms and changes in defecation. However, the clinical manifestation of locally advanced colon cancer was extremely complicated. Extended or multivisceral resection may offer patients a chance to survive an acute crisis and allow for treatment with adjuvant therapy.

关键词: liver abscess     locally advanced colon cancer     multiorganic invasion    

Bioartificial liver devices: Perspectives on the state of the art

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 15-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0110-x

摘要:

Acute liver failure remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Bioartificial liver (BAL) devices have been in development for more than 20 years. Such devices aim to temporarily take over the metabolic and excretory functions of the liver until the patients’ own liver has recovered or a donor liver becomes available for transplant. The important issues include the choice of cell materials and the design of the bioreactor. Ideal BAL cell materials should be of good viability and functionality, easy to access, and exclude immunoreactive and tumorigenic cell materials. Unfortunately, the current cells in use in BAL do not meet these requirements. One of the challenges in BAL development is the improvement of current materials; another key point concerning cell materials is the coculture of different cells. The bioreactor is an important component of BAL, because it determines the viability and function of the hepatocytes within it. From the perspective of bioengineering, a successful and clinically effective bioreactor should mimic the structure of the liver and provide an in vivo-like microenvironment for the growth of hepatocytes, thereby maintaining the cells’ viability and function to the maximum extent. One future trend in the development of the bioreactor is to improve the oxygen supply system. Another direction for future research on bioreactors is the application of biomedical materials. In conclusion, BAL is, in principle, an important therapeutic strategy for patients with acute liver failure, and may also be a bridge to liver transplantation. It requires further research and development, however, before it can enter clinical practice.

关键词: acute liver failure     bioartificial livers     hepatocyte     bioreactor    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

γδ T cells in liver diseases

null

期刊论文

NKT cells in liver diseases

null

期刊论文

Partial liver transplantation

null

期刊论文

INTERFERENCE BY NON-HOST PLANT ROOTS AND ROOT EXUDATES IN THE INFECTION PROCESSES OF PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE

期刊论文

Natural killer cells in liver diseases

null

期刊论文

Clinical significance of human papilloma virus infection in the cervical lesions

Shuang LI, Yu-Han MENG, Hu TING, Jian SHEN, Ding MA

期刊论文

The “Traditional Chinese medicine regulating liver regeneration” treatment plan for reducing mortalityof patients with hepatitis B-related liver failure based on real-world clinical data

Ling Dai, Xiang Gao, Zhihua Ye, Hanmin Li, Xin Yao, Dingbo Lu, Na Wu

期刊论文

Assessment of liver volume variation to evaluate liver function

null

期刊论文

A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Xuekun GUO,Wenhai FENG

期刊论文

Gut microbial balance and liver transplantation: alteration, management, and prediction

null

期刊论文

Molecular mechanisms of fatty liver in obesity

null

期刊论文

Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure

null

期刊论文

Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

期刊论文

Pyogenic liver abscess as initial presentation in locally advanced right colon cancer invading the liver

Kai Qu, Chang Liu, Aasef M A Mansoor, Bo Wang, Jincai Chen, Liang Yu, Yi Lv

期刊论文

Bioartificial liver devices: Perspectives on the state of the art

null

期刊论文